Post-secondary education (PSE) and research play a critical role in advancing the economic, social, cultural, and political development of Canada. The federal government supports public PSE in Canada through myriad mechanisms such as tax measures, grants and loans to students, research funding, and the Canada Social Transfer (CST). This report was submitted to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Finance with a number of recommendations: (1) Provide transparent, predictable, and adequate federal cash funding to the provinces and territories in support of public post-secondary education, through a National Post-Secondary Education Transfer, discrete from the Canada Social Transfer, with agreed conditions established through federal legislation or multilateral or bilateral agreements; (2) Work with the provinces and territories on a plan to improve access, affordability, and quality of public post-secondary education in Canada; (3) Make permanent the Post-Secondary Strategic Investment Fund to maintain and expand green campus infrastructure, including much needed student housing; (4) Establish a federal post-secondary education secretariat or branch within the federal government to facilitate intergovernmental collaboration and coordinate initiatives such as research and science, student assistance, data, and innovation; and (5) Create a National Advisory Council on Post-Secondary Education and Training.