This paper explores the move towards an all-female teaching force, particularly in the developed world, where men are turning their backs on the profession. It attempts to gather the evidence as to what is affecting men's choice to reject teaching as a career. It explores the possible causes of this change, which has been increasing over the last few years and examines its causes and the effects on schools and on their pupils. In particular, it looks at the effects on boys and young men of a school world, with a lack of male role models and explores what can be done by governments, schools and the teaching profession to halt this worrying trend. Pupils need both male and female teachers as girls speed ahead in education, leaving boys behind in schools dominated by women, with few male teachers, to gain boys' interest and so become involved in their own education. Suggestions are made as to what can be done to overcome this problem, which is now moving into developing countries too. Governments need to act and society value more, the contribution teachers make towards the success and growth of a country, whilst being in many cases ignored or disregarded by politicians, some parents and in some cases their pupils. [For the complete Volume 21 proceedings, see ED629259.]