From March 2020 through March 2021, three laws providing federal funding for elementary, secondary, and postsecondary education were enacted in response to the national emergency related to the COVID-19 pandemic declared by President Trump on March 13, 2020. The second of these laws provided a higher amount of funding than the first, and the third provided a higher amount than the second. The funds were intended to help the U.S. educational system "prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus." Funds were generally made available to states, local educational agencies (LEAs), private schools, and institutions of higher education (IHEs) to support the transition to remote learning, provide support services to students, protect education-related jobs, provide institutional support, and provide grant aid to postsecondary students. On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136) was signed into law. Included in the act was the Education Stabilization Fund (ESF), which was created "to prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus, domestically or internationally." The ESF was composed of three emergency relief funds: (1) A Governor's Emergency Education Relief (GEER) Fund; (2) An Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) Fund; and (3) A Higher Education Emergency Relief Fund (HEERF). This report discusses the ESF and the programs initially authorized under it that were included in the CARES Act, Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (CRRSAA), and the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2). The report begins with an overview of the appropriations available for the ESF and the required reservations of funds under each act. It then discusses each of the emergency education relief funds, including the EANS program. The next part of the report provides an overview of the other provisions included in the ESF: maintenance of effort (MOE) and maintenance of equity (MOEq) provisions, reporting requirements, continued payments to employees, and definitions. The report also includes several appendices that provide information on state funding under the GEER Fund, EANS program, and ESSER Fund, and funding aggregated at the state level and institutional sector level under the HEERF based on ED's published grant amounts, as well as information about periods of obligation and liquidation of funds and deadlines that apply to HEERF.