The Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey (FACES) and the American Indian and Alaska Native Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey (AIAN FACES) are separate studies done successively over time. One goal for these studies is to provide a national picture of children's readiness for school. In this research brief, the authors use data from the most recent round of FACES and AIAN FACES in fall 2019 to evaluate the performance of direct assessments of children that were used to provide that national picture. The authors conducted similar analyses using FACES 2014 and AIAN FACES 2015 data (Malone et al. 2018) and are replicating the previous analyses because the current FACES studies have new direct assessments--one added to measure executive function and three reflecting the latest editions of those direct assessments. The current analysis focuses on these new direct assessments to understand whether they are a fair estimate of children's skills and knowledge in the domains being measured. Specifically, the authors answer two key research questions: (1) How valid is the Minnesota Executive Function Scale App (MEFS App™) as an assessment of executive function for Head Start preschool children? and (2) Do the latest editions of the cognitive assessments used in AIAN FACES 2019 show any systematic item bias against AIAN preschool children compared with White, non-Hispanic children in FACES 2019?