Native American students are a demographic group that has consistently been underrepresented in institutions of higher education (IHEs) in the United States. Despite tremendous growth in the enrollment of these students in recent years, they are still underrepresented compared to other subgroups. While other minority students encompass about 29% of all U.S. postsecondary students, Native American students account for about 1%. Postsecondary education can help Native Americans overcome many employment barriers. As stakeholders, policymakers, and higher education leaders consider their role in increasing Native American student enrollment and attainment, it is critical to understand the history, policy landscape, and innovative practices that shape this work.