In January 2021, President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. issued Executive Order 14000, "Supporting the Reopening and Continuing Operation of Schools and Early Childhood Education Providers," "to ensure that students receive a high-quality education during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to support the safe reopening and continued operation of schools, child care providers, Head Start programs, and institutions of higher education." In preparing this Report, the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) reviewed an array of publicly available sources documenting the impacts of COVID-19 on America's students. Many of those sources reported findings from surveys or interviews of students, families, and educators from across the country. Additional sources supplied information about how the pandemic has disrupted educational practice in ways that are likely to limit students' learning and achievement. Unless specifically noted, the findings and information presented here are not based on research conducted by the U.S. Department of Education. Nor is the discussion here offered as a comprehensive survey of research in the field. To the contrary, there are countless works in progress and even more to come that will enhance our understanding over time of the pandemic's many effects on students. It is also important to note that none of the statements in this Report is intended to set forth a legal or policy judgment under any of the statutes OCR enforces or any other source of law.