The pandemic has led to considerable disruption to the learning of all pupils in England. This report analyses the general trends in the data across several studies investigating the impact of COVID-19 on educational attainment in England, from March 2020 onwards, and identifies where particular attention is needed. It is broken down into four research questions which consider the impact of COVID-19 by: (1) pupil age; (2) disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged pupil status; (3) prior pupil attainment levels; and (4) school subject (reading and mathematics). This report looks at the available evidence about the scale of the COVID gap and whether specific groups of pupils and curriculum areas have been impacted to a different extent by the pandemic. The main focus is on the impact in primary schools, as most of the evidence is drawn from this age group's attainment.