This case study analyses the events and debates between 2012 and 2016 leading up to the adoption of a Legal Framework for early childhood development in Brazil, focussing on advocacy efforts of the National Network of Early Childhood (RNPI), while recognising the active roles played by the Brazilian government's legislative and executive powers, as well as, by other civil society organisations. It highlights the factors that facilitated the adoption of the Legal Framework, including a favourable political climate and close collaboration between civil society and political stakeholders. The case study also describes some of the challenges experienced in the process, including time pressure, concerns of business organisation and a Special Committee that opposed its approval. Finally, it describes the continued work by RNPI and the Brazilian judiciary to ensure the effective implementation of the Legal Framework. Key findings: (1) A favourable political climate facilitated the adoption of the Legal Framework; (2) Knowledgeable leaders guided the legal process and helped gather support through their well-established networks; (3) Civil society organisations helped raise awareness about the need for a Legal Framework; (4) There were some challenges in achieving the adoption of the Legal Framework; and (5) Work to ensure the effective implementation of the Legal Framework continues.