This issue brief is one in a series examining timely topics that are relevant to Black families and children in the United States. The series identifies key information and opportunities for consideration by policymakers, researchers, practitioners, philanthropists, and others interested in supporting the progress of Black families and children--and, by extension, the country as whole. This second issue brief sets a vision for how the federal government can pursue policy strategies that support access to early care and education for Black families by drawing on historical, contextual, and demographic data related to Black family structure, employment and income, and geography. It first discusses the current and historical role of federal policy in the lives of Black Americans. Next, it reviews the importance of early care and education (ECE), as well as the barriers that Black families face to accessing these important services. It describes two federal programs--Head Start and the Child Care Development Fund--which have the potential to facilitate greater access to ECE for Black children. Finally, it presents recommendations for developing policies and infrastructure to support and protect Black families from the harmful effects of structural racism, while promoting the country's economic recovery from COVID-19. [For the first issue brief, "Family, Economic, and Geographic Characteristics of Black Families with Children," see ED614030. For the third issue brief, "Racism and Discrimination Contribute to Housing Instability for Black Families during the Pandemic," see ED614029.]