The 21st Century Community Learning Centers (21st CCLC) initiative is the only federal funding source dedicated exclusively to supporting local afterschool, before-school, and summer learning programs. Over the years, the program has evolved to become a local afterschool model -- serving students attending high-poverty, low-performing schools in an effort to help address the opportunity and achievement gaps present in these communities. 21st CCLC programs engage students in hands-on learning activities aimed at supporting their academic growth; provide a variety of enrichment activities (ranging from service learning to physical fitness and health) to complement school day learning; and offer educational and support services to the families of participating children. As a national initiative with state leadership focusing on quality and professional development and built-in local flexibility to meet community needs, the infrastructure of 21st CCLC serves as a model that leverages federal, state, and local efforts. This brief looks at the evolution of the 21st Century Community Learning Centers (21st CCLC) initiative, including purpose, focus, funding, and evaluation.