The primary goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of the Croatian education system and examine its evolution from the 1990s, focusing on (a) changes of institutions and education policies within 'Europeanisation' and globalisation contexts; (b) the limits and challenges to institutional and leaders' autonomy, as described both by empirical data and the qualitative assessment of the national initiative for educational leaders' certification; and (c) the 'reform' discourses, with special reference to 'comprehensive curriculum reform' (2013-2018). The authors further employ economic analysis to point out the fundamental (in)efficiencies of Croatian education systems at all levels by referring to historical data and previous studies. [For the complete volume, "Educational Leadership, Improvement and Change: Discourse and Systems in Europe," see ED611634.]