Over the past decade, national initiatives have shifted States' attention to the challenge of turning around low-performing schools. The lack of consistent, dramatic improvements in the lowest-performing schools reflects the severity of the school turnaround challenge, but also suggests the need to continuously evaluate and refine turnaround strategies. Studies indicate that it can take three to five years for turnaround efforts to impact overall student achievement, but leading indicators provide early evidence that can be used to gauge whether a school is on track to improve and to guide mid-course corrections that can increase the success rate of the turnaround effort. This brief examines current State education agency (SEA) practices for collecting and using leading indicators, describes how current practices can be strengthened, and identifies emerging promising practices in select States. This brief can be a useful resource for States working to improve their use of leading indicators to monitor and support improvements in low-performing schools.