In 1954, "Brown v. Board of Education" struck down state laws that required schools to be segregated by race, which then existed in 17 southern states. Yet in 2016, many schools across the country are still segregated along largely racial and socioeconomic lines. There are many reasons schools aren't better integrated. School district boundaries coupled with the legacy of discriminatory housing policies and practices that influence where families live are chief among them. But even though schools can no longer exclude students on the basis of race, many public schools still do not reflect the diversity of the nation. This report examines the effects that racial and economic segregation have on students and communities. The report presents data that describes what enrollments in American schools look like now and show trends that contribute to "de facto" segregation. The author also discusses outcomes in integrated schools, and offers best practices and policies, such as controlled choice, that can bring these benefits to more students. The goal of this report is to shine light on the issue with the hope that readers will find this report a good place to begin when planning how they can improve diversity in local schools, districts, and communities.