Ofqual has contracted the National Foundation for Educational Research (NFER) to develop, administer and analyse the National Reference Test (NRT) in English and maths. This report represents an overview of the findings of the 2019 testing process. In February/March 2019 a random sample of around 13,000 year 11 students from over 300 schools took the NRT. The first live NRT, taken in 2017, was benchmarked against the first awards of the reformed GCSEs in English language and maths. The 2018 NRT provided the first opportunity to compare the performance of students across two years. Before 2018, Ofqual had decided that test results would not be used in awarding GCSEs until 2019 at the earliest. 2019 is therefore the first year when Ofqual will consider the results of the NRT alongside other evidence to make decisions on grade standards for GCSE English and maths. Results are reported as expected percentages of students achieving those grades (and above) based on changes in performance on the NRT. [For the 2018 report, see ED608784.]