Cognitive development is a part of neuroscience related with development of human being. The study aimed to assess the effect of consumed arsenic contaminated ground water on the developmental aspects of children in Jorhat, Assam. In this case-control study, 225 primary school children from 20 schools of Jorhat, Assam, India, participated who consumed expected moderate and low levels of arsenic contaminated groundwater getting from tube well both inside and outside the school campus. The amount of arsenic present in the sample was determined through spectrophotometer and arsenic assessment kits. The complex relationship among the latent constructs and their behaviour influenced due to the effect of arsenic in the groundwater level was analyzed through path analysis by using AMOS version 21. It was resulted that there was a significant positive relationship between arsenic and the developmental phenomena of primary school children.