During the U.S. post-WWII recovery, appropriations for school lunch became codified in the 1946 National School Lunch Act, fueling program growth in the baby boom era to 18.9 million participating children by 1967, or about 42 percent of 45 million enrolled students. Then, in 1968, two reports funded by the Field Foundation of New York highlighted the great degree to which hunger still remained a problem in the country, including among many poor children who were not being reached by the school lunch program. Following Senator Robert Kennedy's probe into the effectiveness of the nation's "War on Poverty" programs, the advocacy nonprofit Citizens' Crusade Against Poverty formed a volunteer group called the Citizens' Board of Inquiry into Hunger, which Field and other foundations funded to objectively investigate reports of hunger across the South as well as its reach into other states. In response to these extensive studies and the resulting public concern, Congress realigned the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) to focus on poor students, and President Nixon created the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) to administer the program. By 1986 children below the poverty line made up half of school lunch recipients, up from less than one-third in 1971. In 2012, some 31 million US children--more than half of all public school students--received free or reduced-price meals.