The Education Reform -- Joint Agreement published in June 2018 sets out the collective agreement by a commissioning group including the Scottish Government, COSLA, SOLACE, ADES, and Education Scotland. The Joint Agreement sets out agreed principles, enablers, and measures that will support and encourage the empowerment of schools in Scotland. These include the commitment that Education Scotland would carry out three inspections in the 2018-19 academic year looking at the following themes: Readiness for Empowerment; Curriculum Leadership; and Parent and Pupil Participation. This report provides the findings related to the third and final of these thematic inspections on Parent and Pupil Participation. Evidence was gathered for each of the following areas: (1) Parental and community engagement: How well do schools engage parents and the community in the life of the school and their child's learning to improve outcomes for children and young people?; and (2) Pupil participation: How well do schools ensure that the views of children and young people are heard, respected and taken seriously, as is central to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child? Schools visited were asked to complete a self-evaluation of their empowerment for parent and pupil participation and to provide evidence against the two categories. This was used as a starting point for gathering evidence for the thematic inspection. Information on evidence from the thematic inspection visits together with views from participants and illustrations of practice are provided. [Foreword by Gayle Gorman. For the second thematic inspection report, see "Thematic Inspection of Empowerment for Curriculum Leadership" (ED604833).]