The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) is the only continuing and nationally representative measure of trends in academic achievement of U.S. elementary and secondary school students in various subjects. For more than four decades, NAEP assessments have been conducted periodically in reading, mathematics, science, writing, U.S. history, civics, geography, and other subjects. "The NAEP Mathematics Assessment" regularly collects achievement information on representative samples of students in grades 4, 8, and 12. Through The Nation's Report Card, NAEP reports how well students use and apply mathematics knowledge in various situations by answering multiple-choice and constructed-response questions. As required under the No Child Left Behind Act, NAEP assesses mathematics in grades 4 and 8 every two years and in grade 12 every four years. The results provide a rich, broad, and deep picture of student mathematics achievement in the U.S., reported in terms of achievement levels, scale scores, and percentiles. Only academic achievement data and related information are collected about contexts for student learning. The privacy of individual students and their families is protected. This is an abridge version of the full report "Mathematics Framework for the 2017 National Assessment of Educational Progress" (ED604448).