Throughout the country, state assessments in reading, mathematics, and science continue to play important roles in instructional improvement and accountability. State assessments must align to academic standards that are significantly more challenging than previous standards, reflecting the current knowledge and skill demands of postsecondary education and careers. They require a deeper understanding of subject matter, the ability to read more complex texts and materials, and the development and application of essential skills for collaboration, communication, inquiry, and problem solving. In short, new academic standards demand a more complex set of cognitive skills. Consequently, assessing student performance in these subjects is challenging and requires different kinds of assessments and assessment items. Achieve has developed three new frameworks that are summarized in this report -- mathematics, reading, and science -- that can be used to evaluate the cognitive complexity of assessment tasks. Each framework is comprised of criteria and processes specific to its discipline and has been developed by content experts and practitioners. The frameworks are intended to help those who design, develop, and evaluate assessments ensure that the full depth and breadth of the state's academic standards are being measured.