This brief examines school integration and school choice through the lens of school transportation. It first provides a brief history of the role transportation has played in integration and choice policies. It then dives into three examples of initiatives that combine choice and integration, and the challenges they pose for transportation, including: (1) Magnet schools, which bring students together across neighborhoods or districts, introducing challenges for equitable and efficient transportation services; (2) Diverse-by-design charter schools, which commit to student diversity in their mission or design, but face transportation barriers around funding, economies of scale, and logistics common to other charter schools; and (3) Controlled choice district enrollment, which allows families to rank school choices while adjusting for school diversity in some way, and tries to make travel times and routes to school manageable for families and for buses. Often school transportation systems are an afterthought in policy conversations around complex topics like integration and choice, to the detriment of students and district budgets alike. Through smart policy choices and planning, it is possible for states, districts, and schools to tackle this challenge and focus on equity in school transportation. [This report is part of a series of publications on school transportation policy. The policy briefs build on the 2019 slide deck "The Challenges and Opportunities in School Transportation Today" and the 2017 report, "Miles to Go: Bringing School Transportation into the 21st Century" (ED602698).]