A great deal has been written on the topic of test validity. Guiding our work at ACT are "The Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing" (2014), which outlines best practices in test development and validation. As ACT transitions from an assessment company to a learning, measurement, and navigation organization, a framework for our learning products is also needed to guide research activities to ensure that the hallmarks of rigor, science, and scrutiny of our measurement solutions are also built into our learning products. The field of education and education measurement has devoted much less attention to the development of efficacy arguments and frameworks as compared to validity arguments and frameworks. More importantly, the integration of validity theory and efficacy theory into an overarching Efficacy Framework is needed to ensure that we optimize the conditions to stand up an evaluation system with appropriate feedback loops so that we can appropriately assess whether our solutions are designed to have the greatest impact on learner outcomes. This point is exceedingly critical because it lies at the heart of ACT's mission. If we cannot evaluate whether our products are efficacious, then how do we know if we are achieving our mission of helping individuals achieve educational and workplace success? The Efficacy Framework presented here is an attempt to guide research activities at ACT in support of our mission.