Elevated blood lead levels in children--even at very low levels--contribute to learning deficits and behavioral and attentional problems. No federal law requires the testing of drinking water in schools, and recent reports from the Government Accountability Office reveal a dearth of lead testing of water or paint in school buildings. This NASBE analysis explores why many school districts are not testing for lead and how state policymakers can take preventative, active measures to protect students and staff.