Through the 2015 Sustainable Development Goals, governments committed to achieving universal secondary school completion, including eliminating gender disparities, by 2030. Yet, by 2013, only 14 percent of children in low-income countries had completed secondary school. And in many countries, even those who attend school fail to gain basic literacy and numeracy skills. Using data on trends over 10 years in 43 countries, this report goes beyond simple measures of gender parity to investigate progress in achieving gender equality in education over the last few decades, Key findings in the report include: (1) Progress in girls' education has stagnated in many countries; (2) Despite gender parity in enrollment globally, in many countries female disadvantages persist; (3) Once enrolled in school, girls tend to complete as many grades as boys; (4) Gender parity in attainment may mask other important deficiencies in education; and (5) Gender parity in attainment does not necessarily translate into gender parity in learning.