This report presents a summary of the findings of fiscal year (FY) 2016 monitoring reviews, fulfilling the reporting requirement in Section 641A(f) of the Head Start Act. It highlights the enhancements made to the FY 2016 monitoring review system, summarizes grantee review outcomes, and describes the types of findings most commonly identified in FY 2016. Head Start monitoring assesses grantee compliance with requirements governing Head Start programs. In FY 2016, the Office of Head Start (OHS) continued to implement the Aligned Monitoring System (AMS) first launched in FY 2015 to address the OHS grant cycle shift from an indefinite to a five-year project period. The AMS was designed to provide OHS with the comprehensive performance data needed by the fourth year of the five-year grant. OHS evaluated the data to determine whether the grantee needed to recompete for continued funding. Additionally, OHS increased its focus on measuring quality along with compliance, and prioritized having more frequent interaction with grantees to provide information to support their continuous improvement in core performance areas. OHS has identified core performance areas as: (1) Environmental Health and Safety (EnvHS); (2) Leadership, Governance, & Management Systems (LGMS); (3) Fiscal Integrity and Eligibility, Recruitment, Selection, Enrollment, and Attendance (ERSEA); (4) Comprehensive Services & School Readiness (CSSR); and (5) Teacher-Child Interactions (as addressed through the Classroom Assessment Scoring System® (CLASS®) observation instrument). In FY 2016, grantees with five-year grants were monitored using the AMS. OHS designed the AMS to provide two different review processes, based on the grantee's history, which are the Comprehensive Monitoring Process and the Differential Monitoring Process. The monitoring process that a grantee received is determined by whether or not it meets a specific set of criteria. [For the 2015 report, see ED591024.]