Technology and engineering are increasingly being incorporated into school coursework, ranging from instruction on the use of computers and information technology within school subjects to classes that examine the role of technology in society, or courses that teach engineering design. Information communication technologies have become integral tools of the trade in academic, workplace, and practical contexts. Technology and engineering are essential components of contemporary science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. Because of this growing importance of technology and engineering in the educational landscape, the National Assessment Governing Board decided that an assessment of technological literacy would be an important addition to the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). The "2018 NAEP Technology and Engineering Literacy Framework" is a statement about what should be expected of students in terms of their knowledge and skills with technology, written to be the basis for an assessment of technology and engineering literacy appropriate for all students. It opens the door to seeing what our K-12 students know about technology and engineering, in the same way that NAEP assesses their knowledge and capabilities in reading, mathematics, science, and other subjects. [For the "Technology and Engineering Literacy Framework for the 2014 National Assessment of Educational Progress," see ED563947.]