The aim of this paper is to examine the range of mathematical abilities of children in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Recent neuroimaging and cognitive studies propose that a particular cognitive pattern which seems to be present in people in the autistic spectrum could be beneficial for the emersion and the development of Savant skills or in the cognitive area of mathematics. Nevertheless, no firm conclusions can be drawn if it could represent a mathematical ability of a superior cognitive level. However, it could be certainly supported that this particular cognitive pattern, could give rise to a special and different way of thinking, in comparison with the neurotypical individuals, as a result of differentiated connectivity, organization and function of the brain regions, where the limited interests, motives and persistent practice enhance the development of special skills.