This report is meant as an imperative wake-up call for expanding the prevailing focus of school improvement policy and practice. The report provides analyses of responses from state departments of education, school districts, and leadership organizations about how they are pursuing the opportunity the "Every Student Succeeds Act" provides to "transform" the way schools address barriers to learning and teaching. The analyses highlight the current state of affairs and the degree to which there are indications of innovative new directions. Major concerns are raised about the way efforts to address barriers to learning and teaching are conceived, implemented, and continue to be marginalized in school improvement policy and practice. The report concludes with a discussion of new directions.