This study was conducted to determine how useful students' prior performance on the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) is in helping to identify students who are likely to struggle on the subsequent year's FCAT, if intervention is not provided. Specifically, the authors wanted to determine how students are likely to perform on the FCAT-SSS, a criterion reference test designed to determine if students are meeting the Sunshine State Standards (SSS). They used students' prior performance on both the FCAT-SSS and the FCAT-NRT (i.e., the norm referenced portion of the FCAT) to predict FCAT-SSS scores. For students who took the FCAT for the first time as 3rd graders in 2002, they used previous performance on the SAT9 measure of reading comprehension to predict their FCAT-SSS scores.