Intention to misuse information systems (IS) is a growing problem where employees of organizations are contributors to successful IS security breaches. Misuse of IS resources in organizations in the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries can affect patient care. Researchers investigated factors that influence changes in behavior regarding intention to misuse IS resources and security measures and performance within diverse organizational structures and in various countries. However, there were no empirical studies investigating the extent to which a relationship exists between user computer self-efficacy and IS misuse intention in the United States (US) healthcare and pharmaceutical industries. There was a gap in the literature regarding what is known about user computer self-efficacy (UCSE) and information systems misuse intention (INT) in the US healthcare and pharmaceutical industries. The significance of this study is that it reduces the gap in the literature and contributes to the validity of the theory of planned behavior as related to the relationship between UCSE and INT. The goal of this nonexperimental quantitative research study was to determine the extent to which a relationship existed between user computer self-efficacy and IS misuse intention in the US healthcare and pharmaceutical industries as mediated by user awareness of security policies and computer monitoring. The target population for this study included individuals who worked full-time or part-time in the US healthcare and pharmaceutical industries. An online survey was used to gather the research data from a sample size of 487 research participants in the study population. Multiple regression analysis indicated the overall model (i.e., user computer self-efficacy mediated by user awareness of security policies and user awareness of computer monitoring) contributed to reducing IS misuse intention. Additionally, user computer self-efficacy significantly contributed to increasing user awareness of security policies and computer monitoring. User computer self-efficacy alone did not significantly contribute to IS misuse intention. The results of this study can have practical implications for strategies taken by organizations to establish IS security measures and can be used as a foundation for future studies. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]