This National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) First Look report introduces new data for the universe of public elementary and secondary schools and agencies in the United States in school year (SY) 2015-16. Specifically, this report includes statistics that describe the following: (1) the numbers and types of public elementary and secondary schools and local education agencies2 (LEAs); (2) the operational status of schools and districts, including those that opened as new in SY 2015-16 or had closed since the prior school year; (3) student membership counts; (4) teacher counts; and (5) pupil/teacher ratios. The public elementary and secondary universe data used in this report are from the nonfiscal components of the Common Core of Data (CCD). The CCD is the primary NCES database on public elementary and secondary education in the United States.