Progress monitoring assessment is one of the four essential components of Response to Intervention (RTI), as defined by the National Center on Response to Intervention (NCRTI). Progress data allow teachers to evaluate the academic performance of students over time, quantify rates of improvement or responsiveness to instruction, and evaluate instructional effectiveness. For the students who are least responsive to instruction, progress monitoring may also be used to formulate effective individualized programs (NCRTI, 2010). This brief focuses on progress monitoring using individual student, curriculum-based measurement (CBM) scores, and is based on recommendations from the "RTI Implementer Series Progress Monitoring--Training Manual" (NCRTI, 2012). The brief discusses the value of using graphs as part of the progress monitoring process and presents methods for setting appropriate progress monitoring goals. In addition, it focuses on a common error in graphing, the omission of a goal and a goal line, and explains why it is important to include these elements for productive, data-based decision making. A quick look at the importance of monitoring a student's error rate concludes this brief.