Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in very remote parts of Australia are increasingly participating in vocational education and training (VET); however, completion rates remain low and employment outcomes are not improving. This project identifies how retention and completion can be improved and what other indicators of success are important outcomes of training in remote communities. Using a case study approach to investigate five unique training programs in remote areas of Australia, the report finds a that range of factors contribute to retention, including: (1) trainer qualities and characteristics of delivery; (2) family, personal, community and cultural factors; (3) training coordination and support; (4) supportive relationships with other students; (5) local community ownership of training; and (6) training that is connected to culture and local knowledge. A literature review is appended. [For a related Support Document, see ED574709.]