The information in this Eurydice Brief is drawn from the report, "Modernisation of higher education in Europe 2014: access, retention and employability." The report is the second in a series examining the evolution of the European Commission's modernisation agenda for higher education in Europe. Information for the report was gathered from 36 education systems (all EU Member States, with the exception of Luxembourg and the Netherlands, plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, Montenegro, Norway and Turkey). [For the full report, "Modernisation of Higher Education in Europe 2014: Access, Retention and Employability. Eurydice Report," see ED574095.]