This compilation includes programmes which promote language and culture as resources and see them as an added value rather than a challenge for literacy teaching and learning. It also includes programmes designed to support migrants and refugees by equipping them for integration into mainstream society while strengthening their literacy skills in their native language. One of the important lessons which emerges from this publication is that the success of multilingual and multicultural approaches to literacy depends on participatory decision-making and the involvement of local communities in all stages of programme design and implementation.