Prosperous regions are educated regions. Ohio's relatively low share of residents with college degrees has concerned one governor after the other and proposals for managing Ohio's university system have differed substantially. The Kasich administration's higher education proposal, the "Enterprise University Plan for Ohio," is based on the idea that (1) cost savings ensue from deregulation of university management; (2) university administrators respond to these hypothetical savings by committing to expanding college enrollment and graduation, tuition affordability, and closing higher education gaps; and (3) such commitments can reverse or alter decades of performance. This paper examines different educational management models to assess the validity of those assumptions. Because deregulation has been presented as a model for Ohio, this paper examines how deregulation has correlated with access, achievement, and affordability in other states. The analysis compared trends on enrollment, graduation, affordability, and low-income student participation across highly deregulated states like Colorado and Virginia; partially regulated approaches like in Illinois, New Jersey, and Texas; and coordinated systems as in Kentucky, Maryland, and Minnesota. The control group is the nation as a whole. The results of the analysis suggest that deregulation does not increase college completion, make college affordable, or close the higher education gap. In many cases, deregulated states seem to perform worse than the nation on many indicators of accessible and affordable higher education. Key findings include: (1) A stronger higher education system has been crucial to Ohio's development; (2) Leaders have proposed deregulating Ohio universities and reducing state control; (3) Reducing state control over higher education has not improved outcomes in other states; (4) Inflation-adjusted tuition increased by 89 percent at flagship schools over ten years in the most deregulated states; and (5) To increase access and completion, and control tuition, Ohio must commit to adequate funding. An appendix describes the methods and case selection underlying this analysis. [For the Executive Summary, see ED573533].