There is a strong body of literature on the types of youth mentoring programs and the dynamics of successful programs and mentoring relationships. This Resource Sheet draws on evidence from 45 studies. Over half were Australian studies, with additional evidence from research in other colonised nations such as New Zealand, Canada, and the United States. Two-thirds of the studies were Indigenous-specific. A range of methodologies was used including evaluations, critical descriptions of programs, meta-analyses, and research syntheses. To be effective, mentoring programs need to involve the local community in planning and delivering mentoring, involve parents in the mentoring relationship, and-crucially-must involve long-term, respectful, and mutually fulfilling relationships between mentors and mentees. As an integrated part of a broader youth program, mentoring can help to build protective factors that can facilitate healthy and productive lives. The Closing the Gap Clearinghouse Assessed Collection includes summaries of research and evaluations that provide information on what works to overcome Indigenous disadvantage across the seven Council of Australian Governments building block topics. The following are appended: (1) Table A1, which contains a list of selected research and evaluations that were the key pieces of evidence used in this resource sheet; and (2) Table A2, which contains a list of Closing the Gap Clearinghouse issues papers and resource sheets related to this resource sheet.