This study examined the degree to which the three of the four essential characteristics of self-determination (autonomy, self-realization, psychological empowerment) predicted quality of life-related adult outcome constructs using secondary analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2). The pattern of predictive relationship was complex. Most findings were concentrated in a high incidence disability group, with autonomy predicting higher financial independence, employment, social relationships, independent living, and postsecondary education. For those with intellectual disability there was also a positive relationship between autonomy and inclusive residential opportunities. Implications of the complex pattern of findings for research and practice are discussed. [This paper was published in "Remedial and Special Education," v37 n1 p55-62 Jan-Feb 2016 (EJ1085153).]