With significant shifts in education, states are recognizing that students were not being taught at levels that adequately prepared them for college and careers and stepped up to develop and implement more rigorous standards. As part of this transition, states have also committed to better supports for educators to adapt to the new standards, better assessments to measure student learning, and better accountability systems to understand where schools are struggling and how to help them improve. Building on the positive aspects of "No Child Left Behind," the "Council of Chief State School Officers," or CCSSO, released a vision for the future of accountability systems. This vision described an accountability system that is grounded in college- and career-readiness standards, collects a broader array of data to more accurately understand school and district performance, and uses those data to better support schools and districts, with an emphasis on the lowest performing. In order to illustrate the variety of innovative approaches to accountability that states are exploring, this report provides examples of next-generation accountability concepts implemented by states. While this study provides an overview of the landscape, it is not fully representative of the variety of state approaches to accountability. CCSSO notes, looking beyond "No Child Left Behind," understandings of innovation at the state level will inform and shape the conversation around accountability systems moving forward. This paper is the first in a series of work from the "Center for American Progress" on accountability, as they partnered with "Council of Chief State School Officers" on this project in order to bring greater transparency and recognition to the innovative work being done at the state level.