Over the course of our nation's existence, the federal role in K-12 education has evolved many times. From an initial limited role to one that is more focused today on access and equity, the federal role in education policy has seldom been without controversy. During each twist and turn there has been ongoing debate over federal versus state versus local jurisdiction for decisions on what is believed to be best for America's students. While all parties throughout time share the same overarching goal of success for students, consensus on the role of the federal government in education policy remains unlikely. This issue of The Progress of Education Reform provides an overview of major events in education policy history, events that shaped both today's individual opinions and current federal jurisdiction. With the 50-year-old Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) being the most significant K-12 education policy event in history, this report includes a synopsis of the current state of waivers, extensions and possible next steps for ESEA reauthorization.