This document is one of eight reports prepared to support the development of a new learning system, a development effort that is the first step in a major initiative undertaken by the Stupski Foundation. This report synthesizes recent research and theoretical literature on using best practices related to formative assessment to support urban students of color. To make better use of formative assessment to improve underserved students' opportunities for college and life success, the report identifies three options: (1) Classroom-level interventions; (2) School-level curricular and assessment programs; and (3) Professional development and leadership. The literature review method is appended. (Contains 2 figures, 1 table, and 1 footnote.) [A list of references reviewed but not cited in this report is included.]