The Office of Education issues a series of studies on education in other countries. They are based principally on official documentation and other primary sources. The subject is presented within the framework of the political, economic, social, and cultural setting of the particular country. The studies are undertaken to provide information and assistance to schools, colleges, universities, non-governmental and governmental agencies, educators, scholars, government officials, and other groups and individuals. This Bulletin, in keeping with others in the series, presents education in the Soviet setting. Since completion of the manuscript, more complete and up-to-date statistics on the Soviet educational system have become available from a Soviet source. While they differ slightly in some respects from the best figures earlier available, they do not alter the major conclusions of this bulletin. Also since completion of this work, the reorganization of Soviet economic administration initiated in May 1957 along lines proposed earlier in the year by Nikita Krushchev, abolished a number of the industrial ministries which formerly exercised operational control over many higher and specialized secondary educational institutions. Although details of the effect of this change on the educational system are not yet clear, the future educational administrative hierarchy obviously will differ somewhat from that described in this bulletin. A bibliography is provided. (Contains 4 charts, and 23 tables. Individual chapters contain footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.]