The purpose of this study is to segregate and present a comparison of the statistics of urban and rural schools in the United States for the year 1910. From the new emphasis on agricultural education and the more intensive study of the problems of rural life in general which have been manifested of late has emerged a stronger conviction that education in the country districts has not prospered as it should prosper and that rural school conditions must be improved; if education is to do its part in the uplift of rural life. The data in this study were obtained from three sources: (1) the figures reported by the several State education offices for the States as a whole; (2) the statistics of cities and villages of 4,000 population and over, as published in the Annual report of the Commissioner of Education for 1910; and (3) the replies to a brief questionnaire sent to towns of 2,500 to 4,000 population, and to those cities and villages of 4,000 and upward from which no reports were received in 1910. By these means, the figures for the States as a whole and for cities were obtained separately and became the basal data for this study. Data are provided on the following topics: (1) population; (2) school enrollment; (3) average daily attendance; (4) aggregate attendance; (5) length of school term; and (6) teachers' salaries. (Contains 6 tables, 7 diagrams, and 3 footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.]