The present study reveals both positive and negative relationships between a multiplicity of factors and availability of education. The probable effects of many of these factors in various relationships is also discussed. The study was suggested by two other studies on availability of education published in 1930. One was reported in the Thirtieth Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, and the other was reported in a bulletin of the Office of Education. These two studies deal with white children only, and comprise a select number of counties in five States. Such comparisons as are made in the present study will in general be with these two studies. The broad purpose is to render the type of service to schools for Negro children that was rendered white children through the two previously mentioned studies. The more specific objectives are: (1) To indicate to what extent educational facilities exist for Negroes in rural communities; (2) to show how accessible facilities are; (3) to reveal the amount and quality of the education offered; (4) to consider the probable effect of the relationship between various factors investigated and the accessibility, amount, and quality of education provided Negroes in rural communities. The investigation which is reported here is concerned with schools for Negro children in 28 counties of 6 Southern States which maintain separate schools for the colored and white races, namely, Arkansas, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia. The investigation comprised a study of 57,530 children who were in school, 1,195 teachers, with whom contact was made, and 638 schools. Both elementary and high schools were included. In addition to the in-school children, a study was made of a limited number of out-of-school children. This portion of the investigation included 1,747 children in 4 counties, one county being selected from each of 4 States, namely, Arkansas, Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia. Inquiry forms used in this study are appended. Individual chapters contain footnotes. (Contains 89 tables and 3 figures.) [Best copy available has been provided.]