Despite the fact that the past two decades have witnessed the greatest exodus of Negroes from rural sections in the history of the race, the majority still live in the country. According to the 1930 census, more than two-thirds of the race reside in farming and non-farming rural areas. In 15 Southern States, it was found that of the 9,420,747 Negro population, 67.4 percent were rural dwellers. In three of the States, the percentages were as high as 79, 81, and 83. These facts have a real bearing on the education of the Negro, and show that, according to the number of persons involved, the education of colored persons in rural centers is a problem of great importance. The National Survey of Secondary Education showed almost unbelievable results in secondary education for Negroes. This would seem to imply similar results for elementary schools. A specialist in the education of Negroes, Dr. Ambrose Caliver, has investigated those schools which have been under the Jeanes supervisors. The Jeanes Fund has been a most worthwhile philanthropy extending its benign influence over these underprivileged people in the Southern States. This study represents 611 schools with a teaching staff of approximately 1,000 teachers and enrolling 44,785 pupils. The schools are located in 76 counties in the 12 Southern States. Some of the schools were almost inaccessible. It was found that more than a third of the children were in the kindergarten and first grade. Only, 2.29 percent were in the eighth grade--such is school mortality in these rural schools. Only about 11 percent of the teachers in these schools held college degrees. The teachers and principals had more experience however than White teachers. Meetings attended and reading show great professional interest on their part. It was found that the Rosenwald Fund had given great impetus to better housing. The report closes with 14 problems listed for further study. Individual sections contain footnotes. (Contains 30 tables and 6 figures.) [Best copy available has been provided.]