This bulletin is the result of a study made in the Province of Ontario during the fall of 1914. The purpose of the investigation was, more than anything else, to seek some fair basis for comparison of the Schools of Old Ontario--wedged in as it is between New York and Michigan--and the States across the border. Chief attention is to rural life and rural school conditions. Such phases of the Ontario rural schools as have seemed of greatest interest in view of certain prevailing American conditions have been emphasized. Of special mention are: (1) the successful efforts of the provincial department of education to make the most of its small one-teacher schools by introducing into them agriculture in the form of school gardening and home projects; (2) the practical system for school maintenance and school inspection; and (3) the preparation of rural teachers in model schools, normal schools, and at the provincial agricultural college. Ontario has not solved the problem of rural life through its one-teacher schools; but it has made a marked advance in the direction of projecting the rural schools into its farm homes. The next step for the near future probably will be to reorganize all of these schools as genuine community schools through some form of consolidation. Chapters in this bulletin include: (1) General statement of rural life conditions in Ontario; (2) The Ontario school system in some detail; (3) Rural school administration and maintenance; (4) The management of the schools; (5) Recent progress in agricultural education; (6) The causes of slow progress in school consolidation; and (7) Preparation, salaries, and tenure of teachers. A list of references on rural education in Ontario is included. (Contains 9 plates and 8 tables.) [Best copy available has been provided.]