This case study describes the school turnaround programs underway as of summer 2009 in Ontario, Canada. In particular, it focuses on the policies and efforts of the Ontario Ministry of Education (MOE) and an MOE department, the Literacy and Numeracy Secretariat (LNS), to support low-performing schools across the province. The report begins with a description of public schooling in Ontario, followed by a review of the existing school improvement efforts, especially those related to specific turnaround efforts for low-performing schools. It highlights the relevant MOE priorities that have guided the ministry's policies and directions. It then focuses more intensively on the work of the LNS, the provincial government organization responsible for supporting the improvement of students' literacy and numeracy achievement. Finally, the report offers the authors' recommendations, based on recent evaluation findings and other relevant empirical work.