For ISCED levels 1 and ISCED 2 student assessment is conducted according to the same principles applicable in the whole pre-university education in Romania: the specific policies and strategies developed by The Ministry of Education, Research and Innovation (1) are seeking a balance between teacher made, school-based assessment, and national evaluations / examinations. At present, the responsibility for school-based assessment is shared among the subject teacher, the department responsible for each curricular area within the school, and the school board, respectively. The concept of national testing dates back about one decade, since the idea of national coverage, being reliable enough for reporting the results all over the country, took over the lead. However, this should be seen in the context of the National Baccalaureate Examination, ending ISCED 3 (upper secondary education), which is the most "prestigious" Romanian examination since before the WWII. This paper discusses the objectives, organization, and use of results of the national testing of pupils in Romania. This paper contains the following parts: (1) General Overview of Pupil Assessment; (2) Historical Background to National Testing and its Political Framework; (3) Aims and Organizations of National Testing; and (4) Impact of National Testing. (Contains 1 footnote.)