In March 2007, the HM Inspectorate of Education commissioned The SCRE Centre (Scottish Council for Research in Education) at the University of Glasgow to undertake a review of the literature on the background to dyslexia, the range of teaching approaches used to teach children with dyslexia and the effectiveness of the various approaches. This literature review comprises a brief overview of the main educational, psychological and biological evidence, research/evaluation reviews, web-based materials and other references available to the researchers. The purpose of this review is to inform HM Inspectorate of Education's evaluation of the educational provision for children with dyslexia in Scotland, due to take place between April and December 2007. This review shows that there is an extensive array of published research literature on dyslexia because it is arguably the most common form of neurobehavioral reading disability (Shaywitz, 2003). This brief report also provides an overview of the key findings from national and international studies, and concludes with some implications and recommendations for the Scottish education system. Appended are: (1) A Conceptual Map of the Dyslexia Review; and (2) Review Method. Glossary and bibliography are included. (Contains 1 figure, 1 table, and 12 footnotes.)