The research that has been conducted on single-sex schools and classes, has for the most part, been done in the private school and college realm, primarily because very few public schools established single-sex programs. One of the consistent findings has been that with so much emphasis having been placed on the development of girls, that boys are now the group being shortchanged, especially in the areas of reading and writing. Title IX, the gender equity act, has also had a hand in keeping single-sex schools and courses to a minimum. What the courts have upheld is that single-sex courses and schools may function if the curriculum presented is identical and there is equal access. In 1998, the AAUW published a surprising report stating that single-sex classrooms may not be better than coeducational settings. What it did identify as beneficial was small class size, a focused and well-structured instructional program without bias, and a lack of stereotyping. There is agreement on the research findings that in single-sex courses and classes girls do score slightly higher on tests. The groups that seem to benefit most from this arrangement tend to be students who are considered to be at-risk, those from minority groups, and those who come from low socio-economic backgrounds. Benefits for girls include: (1) More interest in and enthusiasm for math and science; (2) More academically inclined; (3) Spend more time studying and doing homework; (4) Spend more time on task in the classroom; (5) More open to discuss sensitive issues and concerns; (6) More likely to study more advanced levels of mathematics and science; (7) Access more information on choosing careers in mathematics and science; (8) Learn how to be more competitive; (9) Accept and develop leadership roles; (10) Fewer gender distractions; and (11) Less likely to have stereotypical views of females in the workplace. Benefits for boys: (1) Better chance of being on the college preparatory road; (2) More development of reading and writing skills; (3) Better chance of not dropping out of high school; (4) More open to discuss sensitive issues and concerns; (5) Learn collaborative working strategies; (6) Fewer gender distractions; and (7) Less likely to have stereotypical views of females. (Contains 15 online resources.)