Congress first called for the Advisory Committee on Head Start Research and Evaluation (the "Committee") in its 1998 reauthorization of the Head Start program, with a requirement that the Secretary of Health and Human Services convene a panel of experts to inform the Department about the design of a newly required national evaluation of the program. The Committee was first chartered in 1999 and produced a report with recommendations for the design of what came to be known as the Head Start Impact Study (HSIS), along with recommendations for considering the findings of this study in the context of other research. The Committee was then re-chartered several times during the design and implementation of the study, in order to provide the Department feedback on the study's progress and findings. The Committee met five times between January 2011 and January 2012 to discuss key aspects of their charge. Each of these meetings took place in the Washington DC area. All meetings were open to the public. In addition, the Committee formed five subcommittees focused on the following topics: 1) The Impact of Head Start and EHS on Children and Families; 2) Quality Teaching and Learning; 3) Parent, Family, and Community Engagement (PFCE); 4) Health and Mental Health; and 5) Cultural and Linguistic Responsiveness. The first chapter of this report presents the Committee's vision for Head Start and its recommendations for steps to achieve that vision. These three recommendations are overarching and cut across all component and topic areas of Head Start. These recommendations are supported by five topical chapters. The first presents the Committee's reflections on the impact of Head Start and EHS, based upon the findings of the HSIS and EHSREP, as well as the broader literature on the effectiveness of Head Start. The remaining four chapters describe the Committee's vision for each of the four content areas addressed in their work, and provide detail on priorities for the implementation of the Committee's recommendations within each of these four content areas. Appended are: (1) Charter for the Advisory Committee on Head Start Research and Evaluation; (2) Full List of Committee Members; (3) Subcommittee Membership; (4) Invited Presenters and Presentation Topics; and (5) Acronym List. Individual chapters contain footnotes and references.